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á×ÔÏÒ John Perr ï Á×ÔÏÒÅ: ðÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔÅÌØ ïó Linux Ó 1994 Ç.; ÏÄÉÎ ÉÚ ÒÅÄÁËÔÏÒÏ× ÆÒÁÎÃÕÚÓËÏÊ ÓÅËÃÉÉ LinuxFocus. óÏÄÅÒÖÁÎÉÅ: |
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òÅÚÀÍÅ:
úÁÍÅÔËÁ ÒÁÓÓËÁÚÙ×ÁÅÔ Ï ËÏÎÆÉÇÕÒÉÒÏ×ÁÎÉÉ sendmail É fetchmail
ÎÁ ËÏÍÐØÀÔÅÒÅ, ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÕÀÝÅÍ ÉÎÔÅÒÎÅÔ ÞÅÒÅÚ PPP ÓÏÅÄÉÎÅÎÉÅ. ôÁËÁÑ ËÏÎÆÉÇÕÒÁÃÉÑ
ÐÏÚ×ÏÌÑÅÔ ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔØ ÌÀÂÏÊ ÐÏÞÔÏ×ÙÊ ËÌÉÅÎÔ Unix (ÎÅ ÔÏÌØËÏ Netscape). ïÔÐÒÁ×ÌÑÔØ
É ÐÒÉÎÉÍÁÔØ ÓÏÏÂÝÅÎÉÑ ×ÏÚÍÏÖÎÏ ÐÒÉ ËÁÖÄÏÍ PPP ÓÏÅÄÉÎÅÎÉÉ.
äÌÑ ÕÐÒÁ×ÌÅÎÉÑ ÐÏÞÔÏÊ ÎÅÏÂÈÏÄÉÍÏ ÓËÏÎÆÉÇÕÒÉÒÏ×ÁÔØ MTA (Mail Transfer
Agent). óÁÍÙÊ ÐÏÐÕÌÑÒÎÙÊ (É ÄÁ×ÎÏ ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÕÅÍÙÊ) - sendmail, ÎÏ
ÓÕÝÅÓÔ×ÕÀÔ É ÄÒÕÇÉÅ : ÂÏÌÅÅ ÂÙÓÔÒÙÊ É ÐÒÏÓÔÏÊ × ËÏÎÆÉÇÕÒÉÒÏ×ÁÎÉÉ qmail
É exim, ×ÈÏÄÑÝÉÊ × ÓÔÁÎÄÁÒÔÎÙÅ ÄÉÓÔÒÉÂÕÔÉ×Ù Debian. ÷ ÚÁÍÅÔËÅ
ÒÁÓÓÍÏÔÒÉÍ sendmail É ËÏÎÆÉÇÕÒÁÃÉÏÎÎÙÊ ÐÁËÅÔ ÉÚ õÎÉ×ÅÒÓÉÔÅÔÁ âÅÒËÌÉ
ÏÔ Eric Allman.
äÌÑ ÐÏÌÕÞÅÎÉÑ ÐÏÞÔÙ ÏÔ ISP (Internet Service Provider) ÎÅÏÂÈÏÄÉÍÏ ÎÁÓÔÒÏÉÔØ
fetchmail, ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÕÀÝÉÊ ÐÒÏÔÏËÏÌÙ pop3 ÉÌÉ imap. íÏÖÎÏ ÔÁËÖÅ
ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔØ uucp, ÎÏ × ÒÁÍËÉ ÚÁÍÅÔËÉ ÎÅ ×ÈÏÄÉÔ ÒÁÓÓÍÏÔÒÅÎÉÅ ÄÁÎÎÏÇÏ
ÐÒÏÔÏËÏÌÁ.
äÌÑ ÎÁÓÔÒÏÊËÉ sendmail ÎÅÏÂÈÏÄÉÍÏ ÕÓÔÁÎÏ×ÉÔØ ÓÌÅÄÕÀÝÉÅ ÐÁËÅÔÙ (rpm ÆÏÒÍÁÔ):
éÍÅÎÁ ÐÁËÅÔÏ× É ÎÏÍÅÒÁ ×ÅÒÓÉÊ ÍÏÇÕÔ ÒÁÚÌÉÞÁÔØÓÑ × ÚÁ×ÉÓÉÍÏÓÔÉ ÏÔ ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÕÅÍÏÇÏ ÄÉÓÔÒÉÂÕÔÉ×Á. îÁÉÂÏÌÅÅ ×ÁÖÎÙÅ ÐÅÒ×ÙÅ Ä×Á ÐÁËÅÔÁ.
éÓÐÏÌØÚÕÊÔÅ ÓÌÅÄÕÀÝÉÅ ÒÅËÏÍÅÎÄÁÃÉÉ ÄÌÑ ÎÁÓÔÒÏÊËÉ :
/usr/lib/sendmail-cf/cf/config.mc
# start of config.mc include(`../m4/cf.m4')dnl OSTYPE(`linux')dnl define(`SMTP_MAILER_FLAGS', `e9')dnl FEATURE(redirect)dnl FEATURE(nocanonify)dnl FEATURE(always_add_domain)dnl FEATURE(local_procmail)dnl GENERICS_DOMAIN(localhost.localdomain localhost localhost) FEATURE(genericstable) FEATURE(masquerade_envelope)dnl define(`confCF_VERSION',`dede's cf - 22/05/98')dnl define(`confCON_EXPENSIVE',`True')dnl define(`confME_TOO',`True')dnl define(`confCOPY_ERRORS_TO',`Postmaster')dnl define(`confDEF_CHAR_SET',`ISO-8859-1')dnl define(`confMIME_FORMAT_ERRORS',`True')dnl define(`SMART_HOST',`smtp8:[smtp.isp.net]')dnl define(`confTO_QUEUEWARN',`24h') MAILER(local) MAILER(smtp) # End of config.mc |
/etc/genericstable:
dede: toto@isp.net root: toto@isp.net news: toto@isp.net |
/etc/alias ÓÏÄÅÒÖÉÔ ÓÔÒÏËÉ :
MAILER-DAEMON: postmaster postmaster: root |
/etc/nsswitch.conf ËÁË ÐÏËÁÚÁÎÏ
ÎÉÖÅ:
passwd: files shadow: files group: files hosts: files dns services: files networks: files protocols: files rpc: files ethers: files netmasks: files bootparams: files netgroup: publickey: automount: files aliases: files |
/etc/sendmail.cf :
m4 config.mc > /etc/sendmail.cf
-rw------- 1 root root 26468 mai 12 22:52 /etc/sendmail.cf
/usr/bin/sendmail -bi -oA/etc/genericstable
/etc/genericstable.db ÄÏÌÖÅÎ ÂÙÔØ ÓÏÚÄÁÎ.
newaliases
/etc/hosts ÄÏÌÖÅÎ ÓÏÄÅÒÖÁÔØ ÓÌÅÄÕÀÝÕÀ ÓÔÒÏËÕ:
127.0.0.1 localhost.localdomain localhost localhost
kill `head -1 /var/run/sendmail.pid`
/usr/bin/sendmail -bd -os
îÁÓÔÒÏÊËÁ sendmail ÚÁËÏÎÞÅÎÁ. ôÅÐÅÒØ ÐÒÏ×ÅÄÅÍ ÔÅÓÔÉÒÏ×ÁÎÉÅ, ÞÔÏÂÙ
ÂÙÔØ Õ×ÅÒÅÎÎÙÍÉ, ÞÔÏ ×ÓÅ ÒÁÂÏÔÁÅÔ :
óÏÚÄÁÊÔÅ ÆÁÊÌ test.mail :
Subject: test local
(ÐÕÓÔÁÑ ÓÔÒÏËÁ ÏÂÑÚÁÔÅÌØÎÁ)
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/usr/bin/sendmail -v dede < test.mail
îÁ ÜËÒÁÎÅ ÄÏÌÖÎÙ ÐÏÑ×ÉÔØÓÑ ÓÌÅÄÕÀÝÉÅ ÓÔÒÏËÉ :
dede... Connecting to local dede... Sent
úÁÇÒÕÚÉÔÅ ÐÏÞÔÏ×ÕÀ ÐÒÏÇÒÁÍÍÕ É ÐÒÏ×ÅÒØÔÅ ÐÏÞÔÕ.
îÁÓÔÒÏÊËÁ Netscape ÄÌÑ ÞÔÅÎÉÑ ÌÏËÁÌØÎÏÊ ÐÏÞÔÙ:
Edit/Preferences/Mail É ÐÅÒÅÊÄÉÔÅ Ë
ÚÁËÌÁÄËÅ Groups/Mail Server
localhost.localdomain × ÐÏÌÅ Outgoing mail
(SMTP) server
movemail/built-in × ÐÏÌÅ Mail server type
/var/spool/mail ËÏÍÁÎÄÏÊ
chmod 1777 /var/spool/mail.
chmod 777, ÎÏ × ÜÔÏÍ ÓÌÕÞÁÅ ÍÏÇÕÔ
×ÏÚÎÉËÎÕÔØ ÐÒÏÂÌÅÍÙ Ó ÂÅÚÏÐÁÓÎÏÓÔØÀ ÄÁÎÎÙÈ. ëÏÍÁÎÄÁ chmod 1777
ÏÚÎÁÞÁÅÔ, ÞÔÏ ÔÏÌØËÏ ×ÌÁÄÅÌÅà ÆÁÊÌÁ ÍÏÖÅÔ ÕÄÁÌÉÔØ ÅÇÏ, Á ÎÅ ×ÓÅ, ËÔÏ ÉÍÅÅÔ
ÐÒÁ×Ï ÚÁÐÉÓÉ × ËÁÔÁÌÏÇ.
ôÅÐÅÒØ ×ÁÛ ËÏÍÐØÀÔÅÒ ÄÏÓÔÁ×ÌÑÅÔ ÐÏÞÔÕ ÎÅÐÏÓÒÅÄÓÔ×ÅÎÎÏ Netscape, ÄÁÖÅ ÅÓÌÉ ×Ù ÎÅ Ó×ÑÚÙ×ÁÅÔÅÓØ Ó Internet. ëÏÎÅÞÎÏ, ×ÏÚÍÏÖÎÏ ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÎÉÅ É ÄÒÕÇÉÈ ÐÏÞÔÏ×ÙÈ ËÌÉÅÎÔÏ× : XFmail, emacs, mutt, pine etc...
ðÅÒÅÄ ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÎÉÅÍ ÎÁÛÅÇÏ ÎÏ×ÏÇÏ ÐÏÞÔÏ×ÏÇÏ ÓÅÒ×ÅÒÁ × Internet,ÎÅÏÂÈÏÄÉÍÏ
ÎÁÓÔÒÏÉÔØ fetchmail ÄÌÑ ÐÏÌÕÞÅÎÉÑ ÐÏÞÔÙ ÏÔ ISP:
óÏÚÄÁÊÔÅ ÆÁÊÌ .fetchmailrc × /home/dede:
poll pop.isp.net protocol POP3
user toto is dede
password XXXXXXX
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ÇÄÅ toto É XXXXX ×ÁÛ ÌÏÇÉÎ É ÐÁÒÏÌØ ÄÌÑ ÒÅÇÉÓÔÒÁÃÉÏÎÎÏÊ ÚÁÐÉÓÉ ÎÁ pop3.isp.net.
ðÒÉ ÎÁÌÉÞÉÉ ÎÅÓËÏÌØËÉÈ ÐÏÞÔÏ×ÙÈ ÑÝÉËÏ× - ÓÏÚÄÁÊÔÅ ÐÏÄÏÂÎÕÀ ÓÔÒÏËÕ ÄÌÑ ËÁÖÄÏÇÏ.
äÌÑ ËÏÒÒÅËÔÎÏÊ ÒÁÂÏÔÙ fetchmail ÎÅÏÂÈÏÄÉÍÏ ÕÓÔÁÎÏ×ÉÔØ ÓÌÅÄÕÀÝÉÅ
ÐÒÁ×Á ÄÏÓÔÕÐÁ ÄÌÑ ÆÁÊÌÁ .fetchmailrc :
-rw------- 1 dede dede 189 oct 6 21:45 /home/dede/.fetchmailrc
äÌÑ ÔÅÓÔÉÒÏ×ÁÎÉÑ × Internet ×ÙÐÏÌÎÉÔÅ ÓÌÅÄÕÀÝÉÅ ÄÅÊÓÔ×ÉÑ :
mailq.
äÁÌÅÅ ÐÏÄËÌÀÞÉÔÅÓØ Ë ISP É ÏÔÐÒÁ×ØÔÅ ÓÏÏÂÝÅÎÉÅ.
/usr/bin/sendmail -q
ëÏÍÁÎÄÁ sendmail -q ÏÔÐÒÁ×ÌÑÅÔ ÓÏÏÂÝÅÎÉÅ, ÎÁÈÏÄÑÝÅÅÓÑ × ÏÞÅÒÅÄÉ.
þÅÒÅÚ ÎÅËÏÔÏÒÏÅ ×ÒÅÍÑ ÚÁÇÒÕÚÉÔÅ fetchmail É ÐÒÉÍÉÔÅ ÓÏÏÂÝÅÎÉÅ,
ÐÒÉÛÅÄÛÅÅ ÚÅÒËÁÌØÎÏÇÏ ÐÏÞÔÏ×ÏÇÏ ÁÄÒÅÓÁ. ðÏÓÌÅ ÐÏÌÕÞÅÎÉÑ ×ÓÅÈ ÓÏÏÂÝÅÎÉÊ ÍÏÖÎÏ
ÐÒÅÒ×ÁÔØ Ó×ÑÚØ.
ðÏÓÌÅ ÏËÏÎÞÁÔÅÌØÎÏÊ ÕÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÉ ÎÁÓÔÒÏÉÍ Á×ÔÏÍÁÔÉÞÅÓËÏÅ ×ÙÐÏÌÎÅÎÉÅ ÄÌÑ
ËÁÖÄÏÇÏ ÓÏÅÄÉÎÅÎÉÑ.
ðÒÉ ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÎÉÉ PPP - ÓÏÅÄÉÎÅÎÉÑ ÆÁÊÌÙ /etc/ppp/ip-up É ip-down
ÉÓÐÏÌÎÑÀÔÓÑ ËÁÖÄÙÊ ÒÁÚ ÐÒÉ ÕÓÔÁÎÏ×ÌÅÎÉÉ ÉÌÉ ÐÒÅËÒÁÝÅÎÉÉ ÓÅÁÎÓÁ Ó×ÑÚÉ.
õÂÅÄÉÔÅÓØ, ÞÔÏ ÓÌÅÄÕÀÝÉÅ ÓÔÒÏËÉ ÐÒÉÓÕÔÓÔ×ÕÀÔ × ÆÁÊÌÁÈ, ÅÓÌÉ ÎÅÔ - ÓÏÚÄÁÊÔÅ
ÉÈ :
[ -x /etc/ppp/ip-down.local ] && /etc/ppp/ip-down.local $*
÷ ÆÁÊÌ /etc/ppp/ip-up ÄÏÂÁ×ÌÑÅÔÓÑ :
[ -x /etc/ppp/ip-up.local ] && /etc/ppp/ip-up.local $*
äÁÌÅÅ ÆÁÊÌÙ /etc/ppp/ip-up É ip-down ÚÁÇÒÕÖÁÀÔ ÆÁÊÌÙ ip-up.local É ip-down.local :
#!/bin/bash # /etc/ppp/ip-up.local #Record connection parameters echo `date` $4 $5 ppp-on >> /etc/ppp/history tail -n 1 connect-errors >> /etc/ppp/history # Send waiting mail echo Sending mail... > /dev/console /usr/sbin/sendmail -q echo Mail sent. > /dev/console # Get mail waiting on the pop server echo Getting mail... > /dev/console fetchmail > /dev/console 2>&1 echo Got mail. > /dev/console #End exit 0 # end of /etc/ppp/ip-up.local |
ïÓÎÏ×ÎÙÍÉ Ñ×ÌÑÀÔÓÑ ÓÔÒÏËÉ sendmail -q É fetchmail.
ïÓÔÁÌØÎÙÅ ×Ù×ÏÄÑÔ ÓÏÏÂÝÅÎÉÑ Ï ÐÏÌÕÞÅÎÉÉ ÐÏÞÔÙ ÎÁ ËÏÎÓÏÌØ É ×ÅÄÕÔ ÚÁÐÉÓØ
ÓÏÅÄÉÎÅÎÉÊ × ÆÁÊÌÅ /etc/ppp/history.
#!/bin/bash # /etc/ppp/ip-down.local #Record connection parameters echo `date` ppp-off >> /etc/ppp/history #end exit 0 # end of /etc/ppp/ip-down.local |
üÔÉ ÆÁÊÌÙ ÉÓÐÏÌÎÑÀÔÓÑ Ó ÐÒÉ×ÉÌÅÇÉÅÊ root, ÐÏÜÔÏÍÕ ÎÅÏÂÈÏÄÉÍÏ
ÓÏÚÄÁÔØ ËÏÐÉÀ ÆÁÊÌÁ .fetchmailrc × ÐÁÐËÅ /root.
ðÒÉ ÎÁÌÉÞÉÉ ÐÏÓÔÏÑÎÎÏÇÏ ÓÏÅÄÉÎÅÎÉÑ Ó Internet ÍÏÖÎÏ ÎÁÓÔÒÏÉÔØ sendmail
ÔÁËÉÍ ÏÂÒÁÚÏÍ, ÞÔÏÂÙ ÏÔÐÒÁ×ËÁ ÐÏÞÔÙ ÏÓÕÝÅÓÔ×ÌÑÌÁÓØ ÒÅÇÕÌÑÒÎÏ :
ëÏÍÁÎÄÁ
sendmail -bd -q10m
ÄÌÑ ÏÔÐÒÁ×ËÉ ÐÏÞÔÙ ËÁÖÄÙÅ 10 ÍÉÎÕÔ.
äÌÑ ÐÏÌÕÞÅÎÉÑ ÐÏÞÔÙ ËÁÖÄÙÅ 10 ÍÉÎÕÔ (600 ÓÅËÕÎÄ) ÎÅÏÂÈÏÄÉÍÏ ×ÙÐÏÌÎÉÔØ
ËÏÍÁÎÄÕ :
fetchmail -d 600
ïÂÙÞÎÏ ÜÔÉ ËÏÍÁÎÄÙ ×ÙÐÏÌÎÑÀÔÓÑ × ÚÁÇÒÕÚÏÞÎÙÈ ÆÁÊÌÁÈ × ËÁÔÁÌÏÇÁÈ
/etc/rc ÉÌÉ /etc/rc.d/ (× ÚÁ×ÉÓÉÍÏÓÔÉ ÏÔ
ËÏÎÆÉÇÕÒÁÃÉÉ).
÷ ÄÁÎÎÏÊ ËÏÎÆÉÇÕÒÁÃÉÉ ÐÏÞÔÁ ÏÔÐÒÁ×ÌÑÅÔÓÑ ÉÚ ÏÞÅÒÅÄÉ É ÐÒÉÎÉÍÁÅÔÓÑ ÏÔ ISP. íÏÖÎÏ ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔØ ÐÒÏÇÒÁÍÍÙ (ÎÁÐÒÉÍÅÒ : xbiff or xmailbox) ÄÌÑ ÏÐÏ×ÅÝÅÎÉÑ Ï ÎÁÌÉÞÉÉ ÐÏÞÔÙ. ðÏÞÔÕ ÍÏÖÎÏ ÓÏÒÔÉÒÏ×ÁÔØ É ÆÉÌØÔÒÏ×ÁÔØ ÐÒÏÇÒÁÍÍÏÊ procmail. ï ÜÔÏÍ ÍÏÖÎÏ ÐÒÏÞÉÔÁÔØ × ÚÁÍÅÔËÅ ÎÁÐÉÓÁÎÎÏÊ Angel Lopez × îÏÑÂÒØÓËÏÍ (1997 Ç.) ×ÙÐÕÓËÅ ÖÕÒÎÁÌÁ.
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2000-07-05, generated by lfparser version 1.5