á×ÔÏÒ Charles vidal ï Á×ÔÏÒÅ: ÷ÌÁÄÅÌÅà ÇÁÓÔÒÏÎÏÍÉÞÅÓËÏÇÏ ÓËÌÁÄÁ × ðÁÒÉÖÅ. ðÒÉ×ÅÒÖÅÎÅà ÆÉÌÏÓÏÆÉÉ GNU É Open Source ÚÁ ×ÏÚÍÏÖÎÏÓÔØ ÏÂÍÅÎÁ ÚÎÁÎÉÑÍÉ. èÏÔÅÌ ÂÙ ×ÙÄÅÌÑÔØ ×ÒÅÍÑ ÄÌÑ ÉÇÒÙ ÎÁ ÓÁËÓÏÆÏÎÅ. óÏÄÅÒÖÁÎÉÅ: éÓÔÏÒÉÑ WWW HTTP ÐÒÏÔÏËÏÌ æÕÎËÃÉÏÎÁÌØÎÏÓÔØ úÁËÌÀÞÅÎÉÅ

÷Å ÓÅÒ×ÅÒ Apache (ÞÁÓÔØ 1)

òÅÚÀÍÅ:

üÔÁ ÚÁÍÅÔËÁ Ï ÓÁÍÏÍ ÐÏÐÕÌÑÒÎÏÍ ×Å ÓÅÒ×ÅÒÅ Apache ÓÏÓÔÏÉÔ ÉÚ Ä×ÕÈ ÞÁÓÔÅÊ : × ÐÅÒ×ÏÊ Ñ ËÒÁÔËÏ ÏÐÉÛÕ ÉÓÔÏÒÉÀ WWW, ×Ï ×ÔÏÒÏÊ - ××ÅÄÅÎÉÅ × HTTP ÐÒÏÔÏËÏÌ.

éÓÔÏÒÉÑ WWW

Apache - ÎÁÚ×ÁÎÉÅ ÂÅÓÐÌÁÔÎÏÇÏ ×Å ÓÅÒ×ÅÒÁ. ðÒÏÉÓÈÏÖÄÅÎÉÅ ÎÁÚ×ÁÎÉÑ ÓÐÏÒÎÏ - ÏÄÎÁ ÔÏÞËÁ ÚÒÅÎÉÑ, ÞÔÏ ÜÔÏ "ÐÑÔÎÉÓÔÙÊ ÓÅÒ×ÅÒ" ÉÚ-ÚÁ ÍÎÏÖÅÓÔ×Á ÚÁÐÌÁÔÏË, ÔÁË ÎÁÚÙ×ÁÅÍÙÈ ÐÁÔÞÅÊ, × ÎÁÞÁÌÅ ÐÒÏÅËÔÁ, ÄÒÕÇÁÑ ÔÏÞËÁ ÚÒÅÎÉÑ ÂÏÌÅÅ ÓÅÒØÅÚÎÁ - ÏÓÎÏ×ÁÔÅÌÉ ÐÒÏÅËÔÁ ×ÚÑÌÉ ÜÔÏ ÉÍÑ × ÞÅÓÔØ ÐÌÅÍÅÎÉ ÁÐÁÞÅÊ, ÉÚ×ÅÓÔÎÏÇÏ Ó×ÏÅÊ ÐÒÉÓÐÏÓÏÂÌÑÅÍÏÓÔØÀ.
üÔÏ ÎÁÉÂÏÌÅÅ ÐÏÐÕÌÑÒÎÙÊ ÓÅÒ×ÅÒ × éÎÔÅÒÎÅÔ. ïÎ ÐÏÄÄÅÒÖÉ×ÁÅÔ ÐÒÏÔÏËÏÌ HTTP (1.1), ÓÔÁÎÄÁÒÔÉÚÏ×ÁÎÎÙÊ W3 ËÏÎÓÏÒÃÉÕÍÏÍ.
éÓÓÌÅÄÏ×ÁÎÉÑ, ÐÒÏ×ÅÄÅÎÎÙÅ × éÀÎÅ 1999 Ç., ÐÏËÁÚÁÌÉ, ÞÔÏ ÄÏÌÑ ×Å ÓÅÒ×ÅÒÁ Apache × ÏÂÝÅÍ ÞÉÓÌÅ ÒÁÂÏÔÁÀÝÉÈ ×Å ÓÅÒ×ÅÒÏ× ÓÏÓÔÁ×ÌÑÅÔ 60.05%.
÷ ÍÏÄÅÌÉ ËÌÉÅÎÔ-ÓÅÒ×ÅÒ - ÚÁÄÁÞÁ ×Å ÓÅÒ×ÅÒÁ ÏÓÌÕÖÉ×ÁÔØ ÚÁÐÒÏÓÙ, ÐÏÓÔÕÐÁÀÝÉÅ ÏÔ ×Å ËÌÉÅÎÔÏ×, ÎÁÐÒÉÍÅÒ ×Å ÂÒÁÕÚÅÒÁ Lynx ;-)  

HTTP ÐÒÏÔÏËÏÌ

1. úÁÐÒÏÓ



úÁÐÒÏÓ ÓÏÓÔÏÉÔ ÉÚ ÔÒÅÈ ÞÁÓÔÅÊ :

1. ÍÅÔÏÄ ÚÁÐÒÏÓÁ
2. URL (ÕÎÉ×ÅÒÓÁÌØÎÙÊ ÉÄÅÎÔÉÆÉËÁÔÏÒ ÒÅÓÕÒÓÏ×)
3. ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÕÅÍÙÊ ÐÒÏÔÏËÏÌ
• ÷ÏÚÍÏÖÎÙ ÓÌÅÄÕÀÝÉÅ ÍÅÔÏÄÙ ÚÁÐÒÏÓÁ - GET, POST, HEAD, PUT, DEL, TRACE.
• URL - ÁÄÒÅÓ ÄÏËÕÍÅÎÔÁ HTML, ËÏÔÏÒÙÊ ×Ù ÈÏÔÉÔÅ ÐÒÏÓÍÏÔÒÅÔØ, ÓÌÅÄÕÀÝÉÊ ÚÁ ÄÏÍÅÎÎÙÍ ÉÍÅÎÅÍ ( ÎÁÐÒÉÍÅÒ : www.linuxfocus.org - ÄÏÍÅÎÎÏÅ ÉÍÑ, Á /Francais - URL ÎÁÞÁÌØÎÏÊ ÓÔÒÁÎÉÃÙ ÆÒÁÎÃÕÚÓËÏÊ ÓÅËÃÉÉ ÓÅÒ×ÅÒÁ ).
• éÓÐÏÌØÚÕÅÍÙÅ ÐÒÏÔÏËÏÌÙ - HTTP/1.0 ÉÌÉ HTTP/1.1.
ïÓÎÏ×ÎÙÅ ÐÁÒÁÍÅÔÒÙ ÚÁÐÒÏÓÁ ÍÏÇÕÔ ÓÏÐÒÏ×ÏÖÄÁÔØÓÑ ÄÏÐÏÌÎÉÔÅÌØÎÙÍÉ, ËÁË ÍÙ Õ×ÉÄÉÍ × ÚÁÐÒÏÓÅ HTTP ×ÅÒÓÉÉ 1.1.

2. ïÔ×ÅÔ



ïÔ×ÅÔ ÏÔ ÓÅÒ×ÅÒÁ ÓÏÓÔÏÉÔ ÉÚ ÚÁÇÏÌÏ×ËÁ É ÔÅÌÁ ÓÏÏÂÝÅÎÉÑ × ÚÁ×ÉÓÉÍÏÓÔÉ ÏÔ ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÕÅÍÏÇÏ ÍÅÔÏÄÁ ÚÁÐÒÏÓÁ.

>telnet www.linuxfocus.org 80 Trying 195.53.25.18... Connected to nova.linuxfocus.org. Escape character is '^]'. GET / HTTP/1.0 <return> <return> HTTP/1.1 200 OK Date: Mon, 27 Sep 1999 21:23:20 GMT Server: Apache/1.3.3 (Unix)  (Red Hat/Linux) Last-Modified: Sun, 26 Sep 1999 16:40:44 GMT ETag: "4b005-1616-37ee4c8c" Accept-Ranges: bytes Content-Length: 5654 Connection: close Content-Type: text/html <PAGE HTML>

þÔÏ ÎÁÍ ÍÏÖÅÔ ÒÁÓÓËÁÚÁÔØ ÜÔÏÔ ÏÔ×ÅÔ?
ðÅÒ×ÁÑ ÓÔÒÏËÁ ÐÏËÁÚÙ×ÁÅÔ ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÕÅÍÙÊ ÐÒÏÔÏËÏÌ É ÚÎÁÞÅÎÉÅ, ×ÏÚ×ÒÁÝÅÎÎÏÅ ÓÅÒ×ÅÒÏÍ (ÚÎÁÞÅÎÉÅ, ÐÒÅ×ÙÛÁÀÝÅÅ ÞÉÓÌÏ 400 ÏÚÎÁÞÁÅÔ ÏÛÉÂËÕ). äÁÌÅÅ ÉÄÅÔ ÄÁÔÁ, ×ÅÒÓÉÑ ÓÅÒ×ÅÒÁ, ÄÁÔÁ ÐÏÓÌÅÄÎÅÊ ÍÏÄÉÆÉËÁÃÉÉ ÚÁÐÒÁÛÉ×ÁÅÍÏÇÏ HTML ÄÏËÕÍÅÎÔÁ (ÜÔÏ ÐÏÚ×ÏÌÑÅÔ ×Å ËÌÉÅÎÔÕ ÐÒÉÎÉÍÁÔØ ÒÅÛÅÎÉÑ Ï ÄÅÊÓÔ×ÉÔÅÌØÎÏÓÔÉ ÎÁÈÏÄÑÝÉÈÓÑ × ËÜÛÅ ÆÁÊÌÏ×). ðÁÒÁÍÅÔÒ Content-length ÐÏËÁÚÙ×ÁÅÔ ÒÁÚÍÅÒ ÏÔ×ÅÔÁ, Á ÐÁÒÁÍÅÔÒ Content-type - ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÕÅÍÙÊ MIME ÔÉÐ ÏÔ×ÅÔÁ (ÔÅËÓÔ, HTML - ÄÏËÕÍÅÎÔ, ÉÚÏÂÒÁÖÅÎÉÅ).

üÔÏ ÎÅ ÐÏÌÎÏÅ ÏÐÉÓÁÎÉÅ : ÎÅËÏÔÏÒÙÅ ÓÏÏÂÝÅÎÉÑ ×ÓÅ ÅÝÅ Ñ×ÌÑÀÔÓÑ ÄÌÑ ÍÅÎÑ ÔÁÊÎÏÊ ;-)
ðÏÓÍÏÔÒÉÍ ËÁËÏÅ ÓÏÏÂÝÅÎÉÅ ×ÏÚ×ÒÁÝÁÅÔ ÓÅÒ×ÅÒ ÐÒÉ ×ÏÚÎÉËÎÏ×ÅÎÉÉ ÏÛÉÂËÉ :

>telnet www.linuxfocus.org 80 Trying 195.53.25.18... Connected to nova.linuxfocus.org. Escape character is '^]'. get / HTTP/1.0 <return> <return> HTTP/1.1 501 Method Not Implemented Date: Mon, 27 Sep 1999 21:22:03 GMT Server: Apache/1.3.3 (Unix)  (Red Hat/Linux) Allow: GET, HEAD, OPTIONS, TRACE Connection: close Content-Type: text/html

ïÔ×ÅÔ ÄÏ×ÏÌØÎÏ ÐÏÄÒÏÂÎÙÊ ;-)
HTTP ÏÞÅÎØ ÐÒÏÓÔÏÊ ÐÒÏÔÏËÏÌ, ÞÔÏ ÐÏÄÔ×ÅÒÖÄÁÀÔ ÓÌÅÄÕÀÝÉÅ ÐÒÉÍÅÒÙ.

>telnet www.linuxfocus.org 80 Trying 195.53.25.18... Connected to nova.linuxfocus.org. Escape character is '^]'. GET / < return > < return >

[ÄÁÌÅÅ ÓÌÅÄÕÅÔ ÓÏÄÅÒÖÁÎÉÅ ÆÁÊÌÁ index.html ÓÅÒ×ÅÒÁ www.linuxfocus.org]..

ëÁË ÒÁÂÏÔÁÅÔ ×Å ÓÅÒ×ÅÒ Apache?
÷Ù Ó×ÑÚÙ×ÁÅÔÅÓØ Ó ÓÅÒ×ÅÒÏÍ www.linuxfocus.org (IP - ÁÄÒÅÓ 195.53.25.1) Ó ÐÏÍÏÝØÀ ËÏÍÁÎÄÙ telnet, ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÕÑ ÐÏÒÔ ÎÏÍÅÒ 80 (HTTP-ÐÏÒÔ ÐÏ ÕÍÏÌÞÁÎÉÀ). äÁÌÅÅ ÓÅÒ×ÅÒ ÏÖÉÄÁÅÔ ÚÁÐÒÏÓ É ×Ù ÎÁÂÉÒÁÅÔÅ ËÏÍÁÎÄÕ GET/ É Ä×ÁÖÄÙ ×ÏÚ×ÒÁÔ ËÁÒÅÔËÉ.
ðÏÞÅÍÕ Ä×ÁÖÄÙ ×ÏÚ×ÒÁÔ ËÁÒÅÔËÉ?
ðÕÓÔÁÑ ÓÔÒÏËÁ Ñ×ÌÑÅÔÓÑ ÓÉÇÎÁÌÏÍ ÄÌÑ ÓÅÒ×ÅÒÁ ÏËÏÎÞÁÎÉÑ ÚÁÐÒÏÓÁ. óÅÒ×ÅÒ ÏÔ×ÅÞÁÅÔ ÐÏÓÙÌËÏÊ ÚÁÐÒÁÛÉ×ÁÅÍÏÇÏ ÆÁÊÌÁ (index.html). ðÏÓÌÅ ÏËÏÎÞÁÎÉÑ ÐÅÒÅÓÙÌËÉ ÆÁÊÌÁ - TCP/IP ÓÏÅÄÉÎÅÎÉÅ ÚÁËÒÙ×ÁÅÔÓÑ.

ëÁË ×ÉÄÎÏ ÑÚÙË ÏÂÝÅÎÉÑ ÍÅÖÄÕ ËÌÉÅÎÔÏÍ É ÓÅÒ×ÅÒÏÍ ÄÏÓÔÁÔÏÞÎÏ ÐÒÏÓÔ, ÎÏ ÐÒÉ ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÎÉÉ ×ÅÒÓÉÉ 1.1 ×ÍÅÓÔÏ 1.0 ÄÌÑ ×ÁÛÅÇÏ ÚÁÐÒÏÓÁ ÍÏÇÕÔ ×ÏÚÎÉËÎÕÔØ ÓÌÏÖÎÏÓÔÉ.

GET / HTTP/1.0< return >
< return >
HTTP/1.1 200 OK
Date: Tue, 24 Aug 1999 22:25:11 GMT
Server: Apache/1.3.3 (Unix)  (Red Hat/Linux)
Last-Modified: Sun, 01 Aug 1999 11:50:52 GMT
ETag: "4b005-1462-37a4349c"
Accept-Ranges: bytes
Content-Length: 5218
Connection: close
Content-Type: text/html
<!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.0 Transitional//EN"> ....

éÓÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÎÉÅ ×ÅÒÓÉÉ 1.1 ÄÁÓÔ ÓÌÅÄÕÀÝÉÊ ÒÅÚÕÌØÔÁÔ :

GET / HTTP/1.1 <return >
< return >
HTTP/1.1 400 Bad Request
Date: Tue, 24 Aug 1999 22:24:59 GMT
Server: Apache/1.3.3 (Unix)  (Red Hat/Linux)
Connection: close
Transfer-Encoding: chunked
Content-Type: text/html
<!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//IETF//DTD HTML 2.0//EN">
<HTML><HEAD>
<TITLE>400 Bad Request</TITLE>
</HEADBODY>
<H1>Bad Request</H1>
Your browser sent a request that
this server could not understand.<P>
client sent HTTP/1.1 request without hostname (see RFC2068 section 9, and 14.23): </P>
</BODY></HTML>

úÁÐÒÏÓ Ó ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÎÉÅÍ ÐÒÏÔÏËÏÌÁ HTTP ×ÅÒÓÉÉ 1.1 ÔÒÅÂÕÅÔ ÂÏÌØÛÅ ÉÎÆÏÒÍÁÃÉÉ. ïÎ ÓÏÓÔÏÉÔ ÉÚ ÎÅÓËÏÌØËÉÈ ÓÔÒÏË. äÏÐÏÌÎÉÔÅÌØÎÙÅ ÓÔÒÏËÉ ÐÏÚ×ÏÌÑÀÔ ÐÅÒÅÄÁÔØ ÂÏÌÅÅ ÄÅÔÁÌØÎÕÀ ÉÎÆÏÒÍÁÃÉÀ, ËÏÔÏÒÁÑ ÕÌÕÞÛÁÅÔ ËÁÞÅÓÔ×Ï ÓÏÅÄÉÎÅÎÉÑ.
üÔÏ ×ÅÒÓÉÑ 1.1 ÐÒÏÔÏËÏÌÁ HTTP. ëÏÍÁÎÄÁ ÒÁÚÒÁÂÏÔÞÉËÏ× ×Å ÓÅÒ×ÅÒÁ Apache ÓÔÒÏÇÏ ÓÌÅÄÕÅÔ ÎÏ×ÙÍ ÓÐÅÃÉÆÉËÁÃÉÑÍ, ËÏÔÏÒÙÅ ÏÂÅÓÐÅÞÉ×ÁÀÔ ÂÏÌØÛÕÀ ÆÕÎËÃÉÏÎÁÌØÎÏÓÔØ : ÁÕÔÅÎÔÉÆÉËÁÃÉÑ, ×ÉÒÔÕÁÌØÎÙÅ ÈÏÓÔÙ - ÎÅÓËÏÌØËÏ ÓÁÊÔÏ×, ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÕÀÝÉÈ ÏÄÉÎ É ÔÏÔ ÖÅ IP - ÁÄÒÅÓ, É Ô.Ä.

ðÒÉÍÅÒ :

GET / HTTP/1.0< return >
Host:www.linuxfocus.org< return >
< return >
[...]

óÌÅÄÕÀÝÅÅ ÐÒÏÉÓÈÏÄÉÔ × ÂÏÌØÛÉÎÓÔ×Å ×ÚÁÉÍÏÄÅÊÓÔ×ÉÊ ÍÏÄÅÌÉ ËÌÉÅÎÔ - ÓÅÒ×ÅÒ ÐÒÉ ÐÏÌÕÞÅÎÉÉ ÓÅÒ×ÅÒÏÍ ÚÁÐÒÏÓÁ :
• óÅÒ×ÅÒ ÐÏÒÏÖÄÁÅÔ ÐÒÏÃÅÓÓ - ÐÏÔÏÍÏË ÄÌÑ ÏÂÒÁÂÏÔËÉ ÚÁÐÒÏÓÁ ;
• "ÐÏÒÏÖÄÁÀÝÉÊ ÐÒÏÃÅÓÓ" ÐÒÏÄÏÌÖÁÅÔ ÏÂÓÌÕÖÉ×ÁÔØ ÐÏÒÔ ÎÏÍÅÒ 80 ÄÌÑ ÐÏÌÕÞÅÎÉÑ ÎÏ×ÏÇÏ ÚÁÐÒÏÓÁ;
• ðÒÏÃÅÓÓ - ÐÏÔÏÍÏË ÏÂÓÌÕÖÉ×ÁÅÔ ÚÁÐÒÏÓ.
 

æÕÎËÃÉÏÎÁÌØÎÏÓÔØ

ïÂÝÉÊ ÐÒÉÎÃÉÐ ÓÏÓÔÏÉÔ × ÔÏÍ, ÞÔÏ ×Å ÓÅÒ×ÅÒ ÍÏÖÅÔ ÐÏÓÌÁÔØ ÏÄÉÎ ÏÔ×ÅÔ ÏÂÒÁÔÎÏ ËÌÉÅÎÔÕ. ëÌÉÅÎÔ ÐÏÓÙÌÁÅÔ ÚÁÐÒÏÓ É ÐÏÌÕÞÁÅÔ ÏÂÒÁÔÎÏ ÏÔ×ÅÔ.

÷Å ÓÅÒ×ÅÒ Ñ×ÌÑÅÔÓÑ ÉÎÔÅÒÆÅÊÓÏÍ ÍÅÖÄÕ ×Å ËÌÉÅÎÔÏÍ, ÚÁÐÒÁÛÉ×ÁÀÝÉÍ URL - ×Ù ÍÏÖÅÔÅ ×ÓÔÒÅÔÉÔØ ÄÒÕÇÕÀ ÁÂÂÒÅ×ÉÁÔÕÒÕ (ÎÁÐÒÉÍÅÒ URI, URN), × ÏÂÝÅÍ ÜÔÏ ÏÄÎÏ É ÔÏ ÖÅ - É ïó, ÎÁ ËÏÔÏÒÏÊ ÕÓÔÁÎÏ×ÌÅÎ Apache. ÷Å ËÌÉÅÎÔ ÐÏÓÙÌÁÅÔ ÚÁÐÒÏÓ É ÐÏÌÕÞÁÅÔ ÏÂÒÁÔÎÏ ÏÔ×ÅÔ, ÓÏÏÔ×ÅÔÓÔ×ÕÀÝÉÊ ÚÁÐÒÏÛÅÎÎÏÍÕ URL.

îÅËÏÔÏÒÙÅ ÚÁÐÒÏÓÙ ÎÅ ÍÏÇÕÔ ÂÙÔØ ÎÅÐÏÓÒÅÄÓÔ×ÅÎÎÏ ÏÂÒÁÂÏÔÁÎÙ ÓÅÒ×ÅÒÏÍ. óÅÒ×ÅÒÕ ÎÅÏÂÈÏÄÉÍÏ ÚÁÐÕÓÔÉÔØ ÎÅËÏÔÏÒÙÅ ÐÒÏÇÒÁÍÍÙ, ËÏÔÏÒÙÅ ÏÂÒÁÂÏÔÁÀÔ ÚÁÐÒÏÓ É ×ÅÒÎÕÔ ÒÅÚÕÌØÔÁÔ ËÌÉÅÎÔÕ : ÔÁË ÒÁÂÏÔÁÀÔ CGI (Common Gateway Interface) - ÓËÒÉÐÔÙ.

 

úÁËÌÀÞÅÎÉÅ

äÌÑ ÐÏÎÉÍÁÎÉÑ ÒÁÂÏÔÙ ×Å ÓÅÒ×ÅÒÁ Apache ÍÏÖÎÏ ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔØ ËÏÍÁÎÄÕ telnet ÄÌÑ Ó×ÑÚÉ Ó ÒÁÚÌÉÞÎÙÍÉ HTTP ÓÅÒ×ÅÒÁÍÉ. éÚ ÉÈ ÏÔ×ÅÔÏ× ×Ù ÍÏÖÅÔÅ ÕÚÎÁÔØ ËÁËÏÊ ÓÅÒ×ÅÒ ÎÁ ËÁËÏÍ ÓÁÊÔÅ ÕÓÔÁÎÏ×ÌÅÎ.

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Translation information: fr -> -- Charles vidal fr -> en Frédéric Raynal fr -> en Alexandre Abbes en -> ru Kirill Poukhliakov

2000-07-05, generated by lfparser version 1.5