by Javier Palacios Bermejo About the author: JavierÔÚÎ÷°àÑÀ´óѧÖÂÁ¦ÓÚÌìÎÄ·½ÃæµÄÕÜѧÑо¿.ÔÚÄÇÀ︺Ôð¹ÜÀíһЩ¹¤×÷Õ¾.ËûËùÔÚ²¿ÃŵÄÈÕ³£¹¤×÷ʵÔÚUnixϵͳÉÏÍê³ÉµÄ.¾­¹ýÁËһЩ³õÆÚÎÊÌâºÍÊÔÑé,ËûÑ¡ÔñÁËslackware Linux. LinuxÏԵñÈÄ¿Ç°ËùÓеÄÆäËüUnixϵͳ¸üºÃ. Content: awk¼ò½é Ò»¸öÎÊÌ⣺ (½â¾ö°ì·¨) ¸üÉî²ã´ÎµÄAWK ´¦Àí·ûºÏÌõ¼þµÄÐÐ ×÷Ϊ¿É±à³ÌÓïÑÔµÄAWK ÒýÓÿ⠽áÂÛ ¸½¼ÓÐÅÏ¢

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Abstract:

±¾ÎĽ«½éÉÜһЩʹÓÃAWKµÄÇÏÃÅ¡£Ëü²¢²»ÊÇÒ»·Ý½Ì²Ä£¬µ«ÔÚÆäÖн«¸ø³öһЩʹÓõÄÀý×Ó¡£

×î³õ£¬ÊÇÔÚ¿´ÁËGuido SocherÔÚlinuxfocusÉÏ·¢±íµÄ¼¸ÆªÎÄÕ£¬²ÅÏëдÕâƪÎÄÕ¡£ÔÚGuido SocherµÄÎÄÕÂÖÐÓÐһƪÊǽéÉÜÎļþ²éÕÒºÍÏà¹ØÃüÁîµÄ£¬ÊÇÎÒÒâʶµ½²¢²»ÊÇÖ»ÓÐÎÒÒ»¸öÈËÔÚʹÓÃÃüÁîÐС£ºÜ¶àʱºòƯÁÁµÄͼÐÎÓû§½çÃæ²»ÄܸæËßÎÒÃÇÊÂÇéÊÇÈçºÎ½øÐеģ¨ÕâÊÇwindows¶àÄêÒÔÀ´ËùÑÓÐøµÄ·½·¨£©¡£ÁíһƪÎÄÕÂÊǹØÓÚ¹æÔò±í´ïʽµÄ¡£¾¡¹ÜÔÚ´ËÎÄÖÐûÓйý¶àµÄÌá¼°¹æÔòµÄ±í´ïʽ£¬ÄãÒ²Òª´ÓawkÒÔ¼°ÆäËûµÄÃüÁÈçsedºÍgrep£©ÖÐÁ˽⵽ºÜ¶à¡£

ÎÊÌâµÄ¹Ø¼üÊÇawkÃüÁîÊÇ·ñÕæµÄºÜÓÐÓᣴð°¸Êǿ϶¨µÄ¡£Ëü½«¶ÔÆÕͨÓû§µÄÎı¾±à¼­Óкܴó°ïÖú£¬ÀýÈçÅÅ°æʲôµÄ¡£¶ÔÓÚϵͳ¹ÜÀíÔ±AWKÊÇÒ»¸ö·Ç³£ÖØÒªµÄÓ¦Óá£Ëæ±ã¿´Ò»ÏÂ/var/yp/Makefile »òÊÇ¿´Ò»ÏÂϵͳµÄ³õʼ»¯½Å±¾£¬AWKÔÚµ½´¦±»Ê¹ÓÃ×Å¡£

awk¼ò½é

ÎÒÒѼDz»Æð×î³õÊÇʲôʱºòÌýµ½ÓйØAWKµÄÏûÏ¢¡£ÎÒµÄÒ»¸öͬÊÂÒª´¦ÀíÓÉCray´óÁ¿µÄÊä³ö½á¹û£¬¶øÕâ¸öCrayÉϹØÓÚAWKµÄÁª»ú°ïÖúºÜÉÙ£¬Ëû˵¾¡¹ÜËü²¢²»»áÓÃAWKµ«Ëû¾õµÃÕâÕýÊÇËûËùÐèÒªµÄ¡£
ºÜ³¤Ê±¼äÒÔºó£¬ÎÒÃÇÔٴοªÊ¼ÎÒÃǵŤ×÷¡£Ò»¸öͬÊÂÀûÓÃÏÂÃæµÄAWKÃüÁî´ÓÎļþÖÐÌáÈ¡ËùÓÐÐеĵÚÒ»Áдʣº

ÕâÊDz»ÊǺܼòµ¥£¿ÕâÑùÒ»¸ö¼òµ¥µÄ²Ù×÷²¢²»ÐèÒªÏóÔÚCÓïÑÔÖеĸ´ÔÓ±à³Ì¡£Ò»ÐÐAWKÃüÁî¾Í½â¾öÁË¡£

ÔÚÎÒÃÇÖªµÀÁËÈçºÎ´ÓÎļþÖзÖÀëÒ»Áкó£¬ÎÒÃDZã¿ÉÒÔ×öÖîÈç¸ü¸ÄÎļþÃû³ÆµÄ²Ù×÷£¨ÔÚfiles_list¼Ó.new£©:

ls -1 pattern | awk '{print "mv "$1" "$1".new"}' | sh

... ÁíÍâ,Èç¹û½«sedºÍgrepÒ»ÆðʹÓÃ,Äǽ«»á³ÉΪһ¸ö·Ç³£ÓÐÓõŤ¾ß.

1. ÔÚÎļþÃûÄÚ½øÐÐÌæ»»£º
   ls -1 *old* | awk '{print "mv "$1" "$1}' | sed s/old/new/2 | sh
   (µ«ÓÐʱÕâÌõÃüÁîÒ²»á·¢Éú´íÎó£¬ÈçÔÚÎļþÃûΪ file_old_and_oldµÄʱºò¡£)
2. ɾ³ýÖ¸¶¨Îļþ£º(Õâ¿ÉÒÔʹÓà rm ±¾ÉíÀ´Íê³É,´òÒ©Ö¸¶¨±ðÃû 'rm -r')
   ls -l * | grep -v drwx | awk '{print "rm "$9}' | sh
   (²¢ÇÒÕâ¿ÉÄÜÒòΪ¹ÖÒìµÄÎļþÃûºÍ·ÃÎÊȨÏÞµÄÏÞÖÆʧ°Ü.) Èç¹û²»ÊÇÔÚÄãµÄhomeĿ¼ÏÂÇëСÐIJÙ×÷£¬ÎÒÃÇ¿ÉÊÇÔÚɾ³ýÎļþ£¡
3. ɾ³ýÖ¸¶¨Ä¿Â¼£º
   ls -l | grep '^d' | awk '{print "rm -r "$9}' | sh
   (ÎÒÈÏΪÕâÔÚÈκÎÇé¿ö϶¼½«Æð×÷ÓÃ,²¢ÇÒÎÒÃÇ¿ÉÒÔÓà ls -p | grep /$ | wk '{print "rm -r "$1}'¶ÔËû½øÐиĽø.)
   Èç¹û²»ÊÇÔÚÄãµÄhomeĿ¼ÏÂÇëСÐIJÙ×÷£¬ÎÒÃÇ¿ÉÊÇÔÚɾ³ýÎļþ£¡

ÕýÈçÄãËù¼ûµ½µÄ£¬AWKÔÚÐèÒª½øÐÐÏàͬµÄ¼ÆËãʱÆð×÷Óᣲ¢ÇÒдһ¸öAWK³ÌÐòÒª±ÈÖظ´20´ËͬÑùµÄ²Ù×÷¸üÓÐÒâ˼¡£

È·ÇеÄ˵,¾¡¹ÜÎÒÃÇ˵ awk-command,µ«awk²¢²»ÊÇÎÒÃÇͨ³£Ëù˵µÄÄÇÖÖÃüÁî.awkÊÇÒ»Öֿɱà³ÌÓïÑÔ,AWKÊÇÒ»ÖÖÔÚÓï·¨µÄºÜ¶à·½ÃæÓëCÓïÑÔÏà½üµÄ±í³ÉÓïÑÔ¡£ÊÇÓÉawk½âÊͳÌÐò½øÐнâÊ͵ġ£

¹ØÓÚawk½âÊͳÌÐò×ÔÉíµÄÓï·¨£º

# gawk --help
Usage: gawk [POSIX or GNU style options] -f progfile [--] file ...
        gawk [POSIX or GNU style options] [--] 'program' file ...
POSIX options:          GNU long options:
        -f progfile             --file=progfile
        -F fs                   --field-separator=fs
        -v var=val              --assign=var=val
        -m[fr] val
        -W compat               --compat
        -W copyleft             --copyleft
        -W copyright            --copyright
        -W help                 --help
        -W lint                 --lint
        -W lint-old             --lint-old
        -W posix                --posix
        -W re-interval          --re-interval
        -W source=program-text  --source=program-text
        -W traditional          --traditional
        -W usage                --usage
        -W version              --version

Report bugs to bug-gnu-utils@prep.ai.mit.edu,
with a Cc: to arnold@gnu.ai.mit.edu

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  { printf $1" & " printf $2" & " . . . printf $n" \\\\ " printf "\\hline" }

  END { print "\\end{document}" }

  
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  (The double backslashes (\) are necessary because it's the shell escape character)

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  NOTE:ÊÂʵÉÏ£¬Ä¿±êÃû²¢²»±»Ëͻأ¬Ëü½«»áÊÇÏ൱¸´ÔÓ£¬ÕâÖ»²»¹ýÊÇÒ»¸ö˵Ã÷ÐÔÀý×Ó¶øÒÑ¡£

• Playing with the mail spool
  

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